Marxism
Karl Marx, refugee, philosopher, political scientist, lived poorly in exile in London with his family until his death. Marx, influenced by the great philosophical minds of his age, worked with his close friend, Friedrich Engels, at studying and expressing class dynamics in capitalist societies of the early industrial age. Marx is out of fashion. We have the dismal failure of the Soviet system of oligarchic and bureaucratic applications of Marxist principles to thank for the current eclipse of Marx's genius. However, history does repeat itself and capitalist ideologies will continue to face increasing population pressures, combined with environmental deterioration of the planet. I recommend reading Marx or about Marx in the readily available forms on the Web. He has helped to shape my world view, and has also helped me to form my personal practice. I feel Marx has as much to offer the modern underclasses as Jesus, Moses, Siddhartha or Mohammad.